that 從句
名詞性從句可分為: wh-疑問從句
名詞性關(guān)系從句
一、that從句
that we should keep the balance of nature
that he didn’t accept the invitation
意思沒有變化，但在復(fù)合句（有主句和從句組成的句子，我們把它稱作為復(fù)合句）中的作用發(fā)生了變化，加了that的句子，我們通常把它稱作為從句，在復(fù)合句中只能充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
1．主語
That the earth goes around the sun is a fact.
(先要學(xué)生找出主句的謂語，分出主語部分和謂語部分)
※ 主語部分仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子，（這時(shí)的that不能省略）當(dāng)that從句作主語時(shí)，特別是謂語是be動(dòng)詞加表語的句子時(shí)，常可以改為it作形式主語。
※ 可以改為定語從句：
As is a fact, the earth goes round the sun.
The earth goes around the sun, which is a fact.
2. 賓語
1）作動(dòng)詞賓語
①We know (that) he is from London.
②有一個(gè)that時(shí)可以省略，但有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句時(shí)，在最后兩個(gè)從句中用and連接，第一個(gè)that 可以省略，后面的則不可以。
eg. I hoped (that) my aunt would invite us and that she would arrange us for a few days there.
③SVOC
有that從句作賓語時(shí)，常常用it作形式賓語，把真正的賓語從句放到后面。
We consider it proper that he will be sent to work there.(這里的it可以改成it is )
2)作介詞賓語
一般情況下that從句不能作介詞賓語，除了兩個(gè)介詞（except/in）
We know that he is from London.
We know nothing about him except that he’s from London.
短語 相同范疇 except
★except 不同范疇 except for (只是)
從句 that 從句
狀語從句
He thought of the passengers waiting for him.
這里of 是介詞，不能是句子，所以wait的形式不能是謂語，waiting是動(dòng)名詞，passengers是wait的邏輯主語。
3．作表語（be）
The fact is (that) he lost again.
4. 作同位語
Mr. Wang, our teacher, is coming.
(怎樣才是同位語？ Mr. Wang is our teacher. 成立即可)
I gave them the order that they should finish the work before five.
區(qū)分定語從句與同位語從句：
1）定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞的作用（①引導(dǎo)②成分③替代）,而同位語從句中that不作成分。
2）定語從句中的that作賓語時(shí)能省略；同位語從句中的that不能省略。
that our team won (同位語從句that不能省略)
The news excited us.
that we received （定語從句that可省略）
二、Wh-疑問從句
1、Will he be here tomorrow?
Whether/ if he will be here tomorrow
What is he doing now?
What he is doing now
疑問詞作主語
Who will present at the meeting
How many students attended the meeting
2、句子成分
1、主語
Who will present at the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
S V
Whether he’ll be here is still unknown.
句首只用whether V
可用it作形式主語，后面的從句用if/whether都可，與or not 連用時(shí)用whether
2、賓語
We don’t know where he lives.
作介詞的賓語
I’m thinking of whom I turn to for help.
作主語時(shí)用who
I’m thinking of who will help us.
I go there everyday, except when it rains.
3、表語
The problem is where we can stay for night.
4、同位語
(I don’t know what he is doing now.)
I have no idea what he is doing now.
三、名詞性關(guān)系從句
以 “what”和 “－ever” 引導(dǎo)的從句
what he knows
The thing that/which
1、作主語
What he needs is a good rest.
are good textbooks.
2、作賓語
He told me what he had seen.
3、作表語
This is what I want to say.
I insisted on giving him what I had in my bag.
He asked me what I didn’t know.
他問我不知道的東西。
特殊句子
She didn’t what she could to help him.
He told us all what he had seen.
I’ll give whoever presents at the meeting a present.
四、怎樣使用名詞性從句？
完整 （that）
名 陳述句
詞 不完整 （缺少成分用what）
性 特殊疑問句
從 疑問句
句 一般疑問句
五、
That he came home late worried his mother.
His coming home late
六、I don’t know when we will start.
The question is where we will go.
where to go.