1. of all time 自古以來，有史以來
魯迅是自古以來最著名的作家之一。
2. the world “世界上的人，人類”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
全世界的人都在關(guān)注著這次奧運(yùn)會。 watch the Olympic Games.
3. ever adv.
用于比較方式狀語從句或與最高級連用來加強(qiáng)語氣。
Faster than ever // work as hard as ever
①曾經(jīng)，以前（用于疑問句，if從句）② 無論什么時(shí)候都（否定句）③到底，究竟（特殊疑問句）④永遠(yuǎn)（肯定句）
(1) Have you ever heard of such a thing?
(2)None of us will ever forget this unusual day.
(3) If you ever have any problems, let me know.
(4) You will find me ever ready to help you.
4. adventurous adj. ①(人)有冒險(xiǎn)精神的②(事)充滿危險(xiǎn)的，驚險(xiǎn)的
那是一次驚險(xiǎn)的旅行。That is______ journey.
她的生活方式充滿刺激。 She lives in _______lifestyle.
她不夠膽大。She isn’t_______ enough.
5. bright adj. 光明的，明亮的，鮮艷的，聰明的， 快樂而生氣勃勃的
The leaves on the trees are bright green in spring.
Don’t be so sad about your future. You should see the bright side of things.
The doctor has a bright future before him.
His teacher didn’t think Edision bright.
She gave me a bright smile.
The sun is brighter than the moon.
6. curious adj.①好奇的，求知欲強(qiáng)的 be ＊curious about sth , be curious to do, be curious that
小孩子會自然地對周圍每一件事感到好奇。Children are naturally curious about everything around them
我很想知道他們在談?wù)撌裁础’m curious to know what they are talking about.
我很想知道他如何處理這事的。I’m curious how he will deal with it.
②奇特的，難以解釋的 It is/ was curious that -----
真奇怪，他不辭而別。It is curious that he left without saying goodbye.
curiously（副詞） curiosity (名詞)
Don’t be too about things you’re not supposed to know.
A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious
If you are about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
7. set sail for sp. 啟程去某地 have / take a sail
他們繞島進(jìn)行了一次航行。They took/had a sail around the island.
sail vi. 航行，起航 He likes go sailing.
船何時(shí)起航？When does the ship sail? 船沿著海岸航行。The ship sailed along the coast.
他已乘船去紐約了。He has sailed for/ to New York.
set about sth/doing sth 開始/著手做....
set sth aside (為…)留出，節(jié)�。澄铮�/ 把。。。放到一邊 set some money for the holiday
set off (vi)動身，起程
(vt)使爆炸 The bomb could be set off at any time.
引起，觸發(fā) His words set off a wave of anger.
Set out 起程動身 set out for
Set out to do sth 開始做某事
Set up 豎起，建立
8. gold/golden
gold coins/ gold medal
golden crown/ golden hair
9. by the 1920s , he had become an explorer, searching for the …
by: no later than or before
Mike must have made some friends in his school by now.
The new suspension bridge _________ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed
By the time (conj.) doctor arrived, the woman had given birth.
By the time (conj.) you get there, it will be dark.
10. preserve v. ①保護(hù)，維護(hù) preserve … from …保護(hù)…以免…②保持，維持原狀
我們必須保護(hù)視力。We must preserve our eyesight.
鹽能防止食物腐爛。Salt preserves food from decay.
人類應(yīng)保護(hù)森林。Man should preserve forests.
他設(shè)法保持住自己的獨(dú)立性。He has managed to preserve his independence.
Preserved是過去分詞作定語,表示動作已經(jīng)完成,含有被動之意.
n.專門領(lǐng)域，禁區(qū)
足球不再是男人的專利了。
Football is no longer the preserve of men .
No hunting is allowed in the preserve.
Preservation (n)保存，保護(hù)，儲藏
11. be known as/for/to
Einstein was known for his Theory of Relative.
Is he known as a poet or novelist?
The West Lake is known as the paradise on earth.
It is known to all that theory comes from practice.= As is known to all, theory comes from practice.
12. riches n. 財(cái)富
Reaches are worth nothing without health.
works sands manners arms times papers goods means
rich:adj 富有的，肥沃的，
be rich in…
enrich:使。。。富有
enrich his mind with knowledge
13. as well as conj.
①as well as 連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與前面的主語保持一致；若連接并列謂語，后一個(gè)動詞用動名詞形式。
A，B as well as C (×)
② A as well as B and C (√)
A and B as well as C (√)
besides(prep.) = as well as
③ as well (adv.) = too=besides (adv.)
as well as (well adv.) 做的一樣好
Tom plays football as well as basketball.
Tom plays football as well as playing basketball.
A as well as B (側(cè)重點(diǎn)在前)
④
not only B but also A (側(cè)重點(diǎn)在后)
14. empty v. &adj.
我向教室里看了看，但發(fā)現(xiàn)里面空無一人。I looked into the classroom but found it empty.
她把包里的書都拿出來了。She emptied the bag of the books.
15.“一……就……”句式歸納
on/upon(doing) sth.
as soon as/once
the moment/minute/second/…
immediately/directly/instantly…
no sooner…than
hardly…when
at/with+n.
[注意]
在no sooner…than, hardly…when結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)；若no sooner, hardly置于句首，須用部分倒裝語句。
16. lead v.帶領(lǐng),通往,導(dǎo)致,過(某種生活),領(lǐng)先
If you lead, I will follow.
All roads lead to Rome.
His actions lead me to distrust him .
I want to lead a quiet life .
He leads his class in physics.
lead sb by the nose
n.領(lǐng)先,榜樣
If you take the lead in this, others will follow.
n.鉛
adj. leading 重要的，
v. mislead adj. misleading
17.present ①adj.出席，到場（做表語或后置定語）；現(xiàn)在，目前（做前置定語） ②n. 禮物；目前，現(xiàn)在
at present / for the present
All the people at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
Oxygen is present in the air. How many people were present at the meeting?
In the present case, we can do nothing but wait. He is in Shanghai at present.
I can’t remember it for the present. I buy it for a present. They exchange presents at Christmas.
18. fall ill with a fever
fall ill with 患�。ńK止性動作）
be ill with 患病（延續(xù)性動作）
fall in love with 愛上某人（終止性動作）
be in love with sb. 愛上某人（延續(xù)性動作）
fall asleep 睡著（終止性動作）
be asleep 睡著（延續(xù)性動作）
19. die of 因…而死,死于疾病，情感，饑餓，寒冷，年老等原因
die from 因…而死,死于除了疾病，情感，饑餓，寒冷，年老等原因以外，尤指環(huán)境，事故等
die for為…而死； die out（物種）滅絕，（風(fēng)俗）消失 ；die off 相繼死去
die down漸漸減弱平息； die away（聲音，風(fēng)，光線）漸漸消失
be dying for 極想得到。。。。。。
be dying to do sth 極想做某事
20. have something/nothing/much/little/a lot
to do with
The suspect insisted that he had nothing to do with the murder. He said he was at home at that time watching TV.
你與那場事故有關(guān)系嗎？ Do you have anything with the accident?
愛迪生問了許多與功課無關(guān)的問題。Edision asked many questions that have nothing to do with his lessons.
21. the resting place of the dead.
（1）“the + 形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞”相當(dāng)于名詞，指人時(shí)，做主語時(shí)謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)
如：the rich（富人），the young（年輕人），the public（公眾），the wounded（傷員），the employed（被雇者），the dying（即將死的人）等。
（2）有時(shí)“the+形容詞/分詞”指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)與抽象名詞，看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
如：the beautiful（美），the good（善），the true（真），the right（是），the wrong（非）等。
22. When a tomb is opened, fresh air disturbs the viruses.
(1) change the usual or natural condition of something
A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.
She has disturbed all his plans for going abroad.
(2) make someone worry; to upset someone
He was disturbed to hear her illness.
(3) move something or change its position
Don’t disturb the papers on my desk.
(4) interrupt someone, especially a person who is working or sleeping.
Did the storm disturb you in the night?
adj: disturbing 令人煩惱的
disturbed 情緒紊亂的，不正常的
n : disturbance動亂/干擾/精神紊亂
23. If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
=If (the viruses are ) breathed in, they can cause illness …
He will come if (he is) asked. If (it is) taken correctly, the medicine should work.
result in造成某種結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致=lead to / cause / bring about
車禍導(dǎo)致兩名乘客死亡。The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.
如果不治療的話，這病將導(dǎo)致完全失明。The illness will result in total blindness if (it is) left untreated.
result from由于…而產(chǎn)生，作為….的結(jié)果=be caused by
疾病往往是因吃的太多而致。
Illness often results from eating too much. / Eating too much results in illness.
as a result 結(jié)果……
as a result of …的結(jié)果（后接內(nèi)容為原因）
=because of
It rained heavily; as a result we had to stay at home. We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.
24. though在本句中作副詞，意思、為“可是，倒是，然而”（=however），一般置于句尾，常與句子用逗號隔開。
①though做“雖然，盡管”解時(shí)是連詞，連接一個(gè)表示讓步的狀語從句，從句可置于句首或句尾。
②although僅作連詞而不能作副詞使用。
20. pay off ①（尤指冒險(xiǎn)的計(jì)劃或行動）成功，奏效，達(dá)到目的，回報(bào)②遣散，解雇pay sb. off③vt.付清，還清
長遠(yuǎn)看，辛勤勞動最終會有好結(jié)果。Hard-working pays off in the long term.這確實(shí)冒險(xiǎn)，但有效果。It was a risk but it paid off.
他通過努力工作把債務(wù)還清。He paid off his debt by working hard.
21.compare vt. ~ … to… ~… with/ to …
He began to compare himself with the other students. Young people are compared to the rising sun.
The poet compared his lover to a rose.
compared with/to 與…，作狀語，可放于句首或句末
和許多女孩相比，你很幸運(yùn)。
(1) the size of the whole world, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big.
A. Compare B. when comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
22. express 表達(dá)，表現(xiàn) express … to sb, express oneself
我發(fā)覺難以表達(dá)我的感情。 她向我們致謝。
我無法用語言表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)的感受。 他仍然不能用英語表達(dá)他的意思。
expression
23. would rather 情態(tài)動詞“寧愿”①would rather … than ②后接從句，用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)�，用過去完成時(shí)表過去。
我寧愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。 我不想游泳，我寧愿打網(wǎng)球。
我真希望你昨天在那里。 我寧愿你留在家里。
---Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
--- .
A. I’d rather you didn’t ,actually. B. Of course not, It’s not allowed here.
C. Great! I love pet D. No, you can’t.