牛津高中英語語法----情態(tài)動詞
1 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征
1） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面 不定式。
2） 情態(tài)動詞沒有 的變化。
2 比較can 和be able to
1）表示成功地做了某事，只能用_____________。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
2) could不表示過去時態(tài),提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用_________）。
--- Could I have the television on? --- Yes, you ____. / No, you _______.
3 比較may和might
1) 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測； He might be at home.
2) may 放在句首，表示_____。May God bless you!
3) might 表示推測時，可能性比may ____。
4）固定短語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"______"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例題 ( ) Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
4 比較have to和must
1)兩詞都是'必須'，have to 表示____________， must 表示________________，既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I _______ call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they _____ work hard.（主觀上要做這件事）
2) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： don't have to 表示"________" mustn't 表示"_______"，
You don't have to tell him about it. 你_______要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你_________把這件事告訴他。
5 must表示推測
1) must用在肯定句中表示推測，意為"________"。
2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接________或_____________。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.
He must be working in his office.
比較：
He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接___________。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的_____________。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測用 ________。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
6 表示推測的用法 ( can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測)，其用法如下：
1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M行的情況進行推測。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。
表示對過去情況的推測。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。
Your mother must have been looking for you. 你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。
注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如 can, may。
7. 情態(tài)動詞+ have +過去分詞
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth ____________________。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，___________________。
--- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. ---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth _______________(而事實上并沒有做)。
否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。）
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強。
4) needn't have done sth ___________________ (但是實際上已經(jīng)做了)
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8. will和would
注意：
1）would like sth；Would like to do = want to 想要做---。 Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 不用any。
Would you like some cake?
3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。
Won't you sit down?
9. 情態(tài)動詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
10. 比較need和dare
這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 后面的to 時常可以被省略。
1) 實義動詞： sb need + n. / to do sth
2) 情態(tài)動詞： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。
Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被動含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：
need doing = need to be done
語法經(jīng)典練習：
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary?
-Yes, of course you_________
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
5. -Shall I tell John about it?
-No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't
C. mustn't D. shouldn't
6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
8. .When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
9. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't
C. won't D. needn't
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
責任編輯：李芳芳