1. In July they set sail again and headed south and west in search of a new land. 七月，他們再度啟航，向南然后向西行駛，以尋找新的陸地。1). set sail = start the voyage揚帆啟航; e.g. The ship set sail for Europe. 輪船起航去歐洲。Early in the morning, they set sail westward. 清晨，他們啟程向西行駛。2). head vi. 向……前進； 后接for或forward； e.g. Endeavor headed east toward the Pacific. “奮力號”向東駛向太平洋。 The soldiers were heading northward. 戰(zhàn)士們正在向北行進。 vt. 當(dāng)……首領(lǐng)；居……之首；He joined a revolution- ary organization headed by comrade Li Dazao. 他加入李大釗同志領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的革命組織。in search of = searching for 尋找；追求；e.g. We arrived at the island in search of the unknown plant. 我們達到了那個島嶼，尋找那種不知名的植物。
2. Other sailors had already charted parts of the west and north coasts of Australia and the island of Tasmania in the south, but Cook was the first to map the east coast. 別的水手以前就繪制了澳大利亞西海岸的部分地圖，并且把南邊的塔斯馬尼亞島的地圖也繪制出來了，而庫克則是第一個繪制東海岸地圖的人。chart n. vt. = map n. vt. 地圖; 繪制地圖；制定……計劃；chart parts of the …coasts 繪制……的地圖；制定……；map the east coast 繪制東海岸的地圖；e.g. The pilot is charting the plane’s course. 飛行員正在制定飛機的航線。The expedition will map the South Pole. 探險隊將繪制南極的地圖。**** 名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換： e.g. boat 小船 -> 劃船； name 名字 -> 起名； face 面孔->面對；trade 貿(mào)易 -> 做買賣；
3. There the expedition almost ended in disaster . 在那兒探險隊險遭滅頂之災(zāi)。end in… 以……結(jié)束；e.g. The war ended in the failure of the south. 戰(zhàn)爭以南方失敗而告終。
4. The ship struck a coral bed, which tore a large hole in the side of the ship. 船撞到了珊瑚礁上，在船的一邊撞了一個大窟窿。strike (struck; struck / stricken.) 撞擊；打擊； 給予……感覺；造成……印象； e.g. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。 All the visitors were deeply struck by the beauty of the West Lake. 所有的游客都被西湖的美景深深地吸引住了。 The old man was almost stricken to death by the bad news. 這個壞消息給了老人以致命的打擊。 2). tear (tore; torn.) 撕；扯； e.g. He tore the letter into pieces. 他把信撕成碎片。 tear sth. up 把……撕碎；
5. But Cook ordered the crew to throw over the side of the ship guns, iron balls, pots and chains and even stores to raise the boat in the water. 庫克命令船員把船上的槍支，鐵制炮彈，壇子和鐵鏈，甚至連庫存物質(zhì)全部都扔出船外，以便使船體在水中上浮。1). the crew 全體水手；指整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，指每個成員時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. The crew were all tired. 船員們個個都筋疲力盡。 The crew was made of able men. 船員們都是很能干的人。2). throw sth.
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over the side of the ship 把扔到船外；3). to raise the boat in water 使船體在水中上浮；raise vt. 使……上升；引起；e.g. They raised the price of the rice. 他們提高了大米的價格。 She raised her eyes and stared at them. 她抬頭盯著他們瞧。The story raised a good laughter. 這個故事引起一陣大笑。 提出；raise a question / suggestion 提出問題 / 建議。飼養(yǎng)；喂養(yǎng)；The family raised a large dog. 那一家養(yǎng)了一只大狗。
6. Then they beached the ship on the shore where they were able to repair the damage. 然后他們駕船沖向海灘，在那兒他們修好了破損的地方。 beach n. 海灘；vt. 使……靠岸； 使……擱淺； e.g. They managed to beach the ship to the shore.他們設(shè)法使船靠岸。The storm beached several ships. 暴風(fēng)雨使一些船只擱淺。
7. 動名詞的用法：
A). 動名詞做主語表示一般或抽象的多次性的行為。另外，在It is no use / no good
/ not any use / not any good / useless / a waste of time 等句型中用動名詞做主語。e.g. Collecting information is very important to business men. It is no use crying . It is no use arguing with him. It is no good doing so.
B). 動名詞做賓語是高考的重要考點。我們必須注意以下四點：
1). 記住下列只能接動名詞做賓語的單詞，這些動詞不能接動詞不定式做賓語。mind 介意；risk冒險；resist 抵御；practise 練習(xí)；miss 錯過；imagine 設(shè)想；stop 停止；suggest 建議；enjoy 欣賞；finish 結(jié)束；delay 耽擱；escape 避免；excuse 諒解；escape 逃脫；dislike 不喜歡；forgive 寬恕；advise 勸告；appreciate 感激；deny 否認；mention 提及；consider 考慮；can’t help 忍不住；can’t stand 無法忍受；insist on 堅持要求；be used to習(xí)慣于；be worth 值得；feel like 想要。e.g. They often practise speaking English among themselves. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. You’d better put off having the meeting till next month.
2). forget, mean, regret, remember, try 后面既能接動名詞也能接動詞不定式，但是意義上有區(qū)別。試比較：I mean to come early. Missing the train means waiting for another hour. I regret telling you the news. I regret to tell you a piece of bad news. I forgot to bring my homework with me. I forgot having given him an apple, so I gave him another.
3). Allow, advise, forbid, permit, encourage 跟動名詞做賓語，跟動詞不定式做賓語補足語。試比較： We allow smoking in our country, but we don’t allow middle school students to smoke. 吸煙在我們國家里是允許的，但是不允許中學(xué)生吸煙。 I would advise taking the car there, but I wouldn’t advise you to drive the car there. 我建議坐車去那兒，但我不主張你開車去那兒。
4). 動詞want, need, require 表示 “需要”，后接動名詞的主動形式，表示被動內(nèi)容 = 動詞不定式的被動形式。e.g. These windows want / need / require cleaning. = These windows want / need / require to be cleaned. 這些窗戶需要擦洗。
2.