單元目標(biāo)
1．能將各種句式的直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變成間接引語．
①如果直接引語是陳述句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．He said，“I am a middle school student．”
He said that he was a middle school student．
②如果直接引語是一般疑問句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．The boy asked his mother，“ Can I go to play basketball?”
The boy asked his mother whether he could play basketball．
③如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．He asked me，“Where did you get these books ?”
He asked me where I had got those books．
④如果直接引語是選擇疑問句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由whether．．．or．．引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．Mary asked me，“Will you go with me or stay at home?”
Mary asked me whether I would go with her or stay at home．
⑤如果直接引語是反意疑問句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．She asked，“You have passed the exams，haven’t you?”
She asked us if we had passed the exams．
⑥如果直接引語是祈使句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成ask，tell，order等動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式的句式．
eg．“Tom，don’t read in bed”，said the teacher．The teacher told Tom not to read in bed．
⑦如果直接引語是感嘆句，則轉(zhuǎn)變成由what，how或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句．
eg．“How beautiful the flowers are!”he said．He said how beautiful the flowers were．或He said that the flowers were beautiful．
2．能理解和運(yùn)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不定式的完成體形式”．
①must+have+done表示講話人的把握性最大，一般譯為“想必已經(jīng)”“一定已經(jīng)”．
用于肯定的陳述句中．其否定形式用“can’t+have+done”．
eg．The ground is wet．It must have rained yesterday．
地面是濕的．昨晚一定下過雨了．
I didn’t hear the phone．I must have been asleep．
eg．There is only five minutes’walk．We needn’t have taken a taxi．
只有五分鐘的路程，我們本來不必乘出租車．
3．能根據(jù)故事情節(jié)復(fù)述課文．
表解重點(diǎn)
直接引語變間接引語的一般規(guī)則
1．時(shí)態(tài)變化
直接引語
間接引語；
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
當(dāng)從句中無明確時(shí)間狀語時(shí)為過去完成時(shí)；
當(dāng)從句中有明確時(shí)間狀語時(shí)為一般過去時(shí)．
2．時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題
①如直接引語表述的是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變．
eg：He said，“The earth moves around the sun．”
He said that the earth moves around the sun．
②如直接引語所表述的事在目前和在當(dāng)時(shí)說話時(shí)同樣有效，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可不變．
eg：She said，“I am a little girl．”
She said that she is a little girl．
③如直接引語是過去完成時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變．
eg：He said to his father，“I had finished my homework before supper．”
He said to his father that he had finished his homework before supper．
④直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，虛擬語氣部分的時(shí)態(tài)不變．
eg：The boy said，“I wish I didn’t recite every text．”
The boy said that he wished he didn’t recite every text．
3．人稱的變化
要根據(jù)說話人、聽話人或第三者的相互關(guān)系，作出相應(yīng)的變化．
eg：She said to me，“I will go to see your mother tomorrow．”
She told me that she would go to see my mother the next day．
4．其他變化
包括指示代詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞以及表示方向的動(dòng)詞的變化．
詳見下表．
直接引語
間接引語
指示代詞
this
these
that
those
表示時(shí)間的詞
now
today，tonight
tomorrow
this week
yesterday
last week
the day before yesterday
the day after tomorrow
three days ago
next week
then
that day，that night
the next(following)day
that week
the day before
the week before
two days before
in two days’time
three days before
the next(following)week
表示地
點(diǎn)的詞
here
there
動(dòng)詞
come
go
討論難點(diǎn)
1．詞語辨析：loud，aloud，loudly
loud既是形容詞，也是副詞，譯為“大聲的”或“大聲地”．
eg：speak out loud
cry out loud(副詞)
in a loud voice(形容詞)
aloud是副詞，譯為“出聲地”，常用于詞組read aloud“朗讀中”
loudly也是副詞，譯為“大聲喧嘩地”或“吵鬧地”．
eg：Don’t speak loudly，please．
It’s bad manners to knock at the door loudly．
2．Lesson 40 Part II Writing
這是一個(gè)寫作練習(xí)．要求學(xué)生用所給的詞語，以米克的口氣來寫課文中所學(xué)過的故事．
注意兩點(diǎn)：一是要寫清楚故事發(fā)展的整個(gè)過程；二要注意語句簡練．
下面這篇短文供作參考：
One Thursday at midday，I was working in my office，when I had a sudden phone call from Bill．His voice sounded very anxious，and he told me that some men were following him．He was afraid that they might steal his case．He told me to go to Pyramid Hotel at once ．Immediately after my arrival，I would ring his room，listen and not speak anything over the phone at all，so that nobody at the entrance hall would hear the conversation．When I arrived at the hotel，l rang Bill and he told me to go to Room 511．When I got to Room 511，I knocked at the door and Bill gave me a box with the computer program in it and put it in my case．I took the lift to the ground floor and took a taxi to the airport．Nobody recognized me，and nobody knew that I was working with Bill．I caught a plane to Japan and delivered the computer program to our customer．
核心知識(shí)
1．掌握表示推測的交際用語
①表示對(duì)某事有100％的把握時(shí)，可用I’m sure．．．．或I think／guess……．
eg．I’m sure he will help me．我確信他會(huì)幫助我的．
②表示對(duì)某事沒有把握而不能肯定時(shí)，可用It looks as if．．．或It seemsthat．．．．．
eg．It looks as ifit’s going to rain．看來天好像要下雨了．
It seems that he has known the secret．他似乎知道了這個(gè)秘密．
③表示對(duì)某事有95％的把握時(shí)，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must+be動(dòng)詞或must+be+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的猜測，可翻譯為“想必／一定……”．其否定形式為can’t+be動(dòng)詞或can’t+be+現(xiàn)在分詞．對(duì)過去情況的猜測見單元目標(biāo)2．
eg．He must be from an English-speaking country，for he speaks English thatwell．
他一定是來自講英語的國家，因?yàn)樗⒄Z講得這么好．
She can’tbe in the office，for the light is out．燈滅了，她一定不在辦公室．
It’s too late．Your mother must be waiting for you．
太晚了，你媽媽一定在等你．
④表示對(duì)某事有60％的把握時(shí)，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may／might／could+be動(dòng)詞或may／might／could+be+現(xiàn)在分詞，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測，其否定形式為may／might／could not+be動(dòng)詞原形或may／might／could not+be+現(xiàn)在分詞．
eg．He may be at home．他可能在家．
He couldn’t be doing his homework，because there is a wonderful football match now．他不可能在做家庭作業(yè)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在有場精彩的足球比賽．
2．詞組和句型學(xué)習(xí)
①Three students are searching the room of Linda Bell who has disappeared．
三個(gè)學(xué)生在搜查失蹤的琳達(dá)貝爾的房間．
search vt．搜查．search somebody：搜(某人的)身；search some place：搜查某地
例如：The policemen are searching the thief．警察在搜小偷的身．
search與介詞for搭配(search for)則譯為“尋找”“搜尋”．
例如：They searched the forest for the missing boy yesterday．
他們昨天搜查了森林找這個(gè)丟失的男孩．
②I’m sure she’ll just turn up．我肯定她會(huì)露面的．
句中的“turn up”譯為“出現(xiàn)”“露面”“被找到”．
eg．The book you’ve lost will turn up someday．
你丟失的那本書總有一天會(huì)找到的．
turn up還有“將(水，煤氣，音量等)開大”之義．
eg．Would you please rum up the radio a little?I’m interested in the music．
你能將收音機(jī)聲音旋大一點(diǎn)好嗎？我對(duì)這音樂感興趣．
③Once again he paused in front of a shop window as though he was admiring something，then glanced over his shoulder before continuing down the street．
他再次在一家商店的櫥窗前停了下來，好像是在觀賞什么東西，然后他回頭望了望，就又沿街走去．
句中的as though引起的從句中一般用虛擬語氣．動(dòng)詞be常用were．但在非正式文體或口語中也可用was代替were．
eg．The teacher treats me so well as if I were her own daughter．
老師對(duì)我如此好，好像我是她的親生女兒．
句中的glance譯為“匆匆一看”“一瞥”，常同介詞at，over，through等連用．
eg．He glanced over his shoulder to see if he was being followed．
他回頭瞥了一眼，看看是不是被人跟蹤了．
He glanced through the letter and tore it into pieces．
他把信粗略地看了一眼，就把它撕成了碎片．
④On his arrival，he went straight to the counter and spoke to the clerk in u-niform behind it．
一到飯店，他就直朝服務(wù)臺(tái)走去，同坐在柜臺(tái)后面身著制服的工作人員說話．
介詞短語on his arrival相當(dāng)于表示時(shí)間的狀語從句(as soon as he arrived)．介詞on／upon后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞表示“在……之時(shí)”或“一……就．．．．．．”．．．．．
eg．On hearing the news，she couldn’t help crying．
一聽到這個(gè)消息，她禁不住哭了．
On the entrance of the teacher，they stopped talking．
一看到老師進(jìn)來，他們就停止了講話．
⑤Outside the entrance stood two police officers with guns．
在入口處的外邊站著兩個(gè)帶槍的警察．
這是一個(gè)完全倒裝句，謂語動(dòng)詞stood完全置于主語two police officers之前了．當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語置于句首時(shí)，句子一般要主語謂語倒裝．
eg．In front of the room were sitting two old men．門前坐著兩個(gè)老人．
⑥He was sure to make a lot of money．他肯定能賺一大筆錢了．
句中“be sure to do something”譯為“相信”“一定能……”．
eg．He is sure to pass the physical exam．他一定能通過物理考試．
⑦They found themselves next to a bathroom at the bottom of a flight of twelve stairs．
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是在一個(gè)洗澡間的旁邊，在一節(jié)十二級(jí)臺(tái)階的樓梯的下端．
“find oneself”‘后跟形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語或過去分詞短語，意思是“意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某地或某種狀態(tài))”．
eg．He finally found himself at the edge of the lake．
他最后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在湖邊了．
She found herself walking in the direction of the park．
她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正朝公園的方向走去．
⑧They turned around and stood in the middle of the room，completely astonished．他們轉(zhuǎn)過身來，站在房間中央，完全驚呆了．
“completely astonished”是形容詞短語，作狀語，表示主語當(dāng)時(shí)所處的一種狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于and they were completely astonished．例如：
He stood there，unable to believe it was true．
他站在那里，不能相信這是真的．
He jumped at the news，greatly pleased．
聽到這個(gè)消息，他高興地跳起來了．
典型例題
剖示考點(diǎn)
NMET 2000完形填空第40小題
The _______ of a’body clock，should not be too surprising since the lives of most fiving things are controlled by the-hour cycle．
A．invention B．opinion C．story D．idea
正確答案是D．這道困難的是在idea和opinion之間選擇．idea和opin-ion是同義詞．idea是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的名詞，其含義是處置某件事的計(jì)劃，判斷，理解及對(duì)其實(shí)現(xiàn)之可能性的評(píng)測．而opinion是狀態(tài)名詞，其含義是對(duì)某件事或某個(gè)人的看法或輿論．試卷中的“The idea of a’body clock，should not be too surprising…”的意思是有關(guān)生物鐘的假設(shè)不應(yīng)使人太過驚訝．所以應(yīng)選D．
NMET 199925
-Alice，you feed the bird today，_____?
-But I fed it yesterday．
A．do you B．will you C．didn’t you D．don’t you
該題考查的是祈使句的反意疑問句，而非 般陳述句的反意疑問句，故答案是B．能否看出此題是祈使句，成為答題的關(guān)鍵．我們對(duì)不帶主語的(或省略第二人稱you)的祈使句很熟悉，但對(duì)祈使句也可以帶主語(you不省略)這一點(diǎn)知之很少．下面這些都是屬于帶主語的祈使句．
1．當(dāng)說話人必須指明不同的事要求不同的人去做時(shí)．
eg：You go over there and sit next to Tom，while he and I stay here．
你到那里坐在湯姆旁邊，我和他留在這里．
2．當(dāng)說話強(qiáng)調(diào)上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長者對(duì)年青人或小孩講話時(shí)．
eg：You listen to me．你聽我說．
3．當(dāng)祈使句以don’t開頭又要加重語氣時(shí)．
eg：Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble．你敢再搗亂．
4．當(dāng)祈使句的主語是someone，somebody，everyone，everybody等泛指第三人稱時(shí)．
eg：Everyone be here al 7：30．大家7：30到這里．
5．當(dāng)說話人有急噪或厭煩情緒時(shí)．
eg：You do it right away．你立刻做這件事．
6．當(dāng)祈使句謂語部分有副詞up，down，out，off等，且這些副詞被置于句首時(shí)．
eg：In you jump．你跳進(jìn)去吧．
【關(guān)于“Unit10 The Trick”的常見問題】
常見問題1: 高三英語 Unit 10 The Trick
問題：
The meeting，_____tomorrow is about how to deal with such kind of problem．
A．held B．to be held C．holding D．to be holding
解答:
這種題可以用“增元法”解，使內(nèi)容變得豐滿，反差加大，從而有利于解題．所謂“增元法”是將題干中隱去的部分或省略的成分補(bǔ)齊，在各種成分齊全的條件下，對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行判斷的方法．如：
選項(xiàng)B=the meeting，which is to be held tomorrow，is about how to deal with such kind of problem．這樣答案就很明確了．答案是B．