Unit 21
Useful expressions
1. be familiar with 熟悉, 通曉, 精通
He is familiar with Chinese ancient history. 他通曉中國(guó)古代史。Are you familiar with the rules of baseball? 你熟悉棒球規(guī)則嗎? 區(qū)分be familiar to sth. 為…所熟悉: The singer is familiar to every one of us. 這位歌唱家是我們大家熟悉的。
2. earn one’s living 謀生，以……為生
making a living ：She hoped to earn her living by writing articles. 她曾經(jīng)希望靠寫(xiě)文章來(lái)謀生。A teacher earns his/her living by teaching, a writer by writing. 教師以教學(xué)為生，作家以寫(xiě)作為生。
3. learn … by heart 記住,背誦
Try to learn the words and phrases by heart. 力爭(zhēng)把這些詞語(yǔ)都記住。It is a good practice to learn by heart as many English texts as possible. 盡量多背誦英語(yǔ)課文，這是一種好的練習(xí)。They used to learn hundreds of songs by heart.他們通常能記幾百首歌曲。
4. get married 結(jié)婚
We're getting married next month. 復(fù)習(xí)其它用法: Are you married or single? She's married to my brother. He's married to his work. 他一心撲在工作上。
5. in praise of 贊揚(yáng)
Much was said in praise of their achievements.贊揚(yáng)他們成就的話很多。On festivals they used to act and sing in praise of heroes who lived long ago. 在節(jié)日里他們表演并歌頌很久以前的英雄。
Sentence patterns
I think at the beginning we'd rather have some fairly quiet and peaceful music. 我想, 開(kāi)始時(shí), 我們寧可聽(tīng)些柔和舒緩的音樂(lè)。
would rather寧愿, 表示選擇的意思。在使用這種表達(dá)方式時(shí)，要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
would rather 后跟不帶to的不定式, 常用縮寫(xiě)式 'd rather: I'd rather have something to eat. 我寧愿來(lái)點(diǎn)吃的。2) would rather的否定式是在would rather 后加not, 即 would rather not do sth.。例如: I would rather not go out tonight, if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的話，今晚我不想外出了。3) 在表示“寧愿......而不愿”時(shí)，要用would rather ...than ...這一結(jié)構(gòu)，表示在兩者之中進(jìn)行選擇。使用這一表達(dá)方式要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”，即在than 的前后要用兩個(gè)同類的詞或詞組，如兩個(gè)名詞，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，兩個(gè)介詞詞組等。如：I would rather listen to music than go swimming. 我寧愿聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，而不愿去游泳。
Language tips
1. Maybe some folk songs to start with?
start with 有“以…開(kāi)始；從…著手”的意思: A thousand li journey starts with the first step. 千里之行，始于足下。Our group had five members to start with. 我們小組開(kāi)始時(shí)只有五個(gè)人。start with 還有“首先；第一；起初;最初”的意思。如：To start with, we have the correct leadership of the Party. 首先，我們有黨的正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。
2. I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well. 我唱的歌自己譜曲，我也彈吉他。
as well也，又，同樣地: If you have no pen, a pencil will do as well.如果你沒(méi)有鋼筆，鉛筆也行。It is just as well to be careful. 還是小心一點(diǎn)好。
3. They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played. 他們通常還要為如何演奏他們的音樂(lè)寫(xiě)出精確的說(shuō)明。
how the music is to be played 是同位語(yǔ)從句，用以說(shuō)明前面的名詞instructions, 類似的句子有: You have no idea how worried I was. 你不知道我是多么著急。He raised the question how we could get the money. 他提出了這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題：怎樣才能弄到錢(qián)。is to be played是be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu), 常用來(lái)表達(dá)按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事，或用來(lái)發(fā)出指令，或用來(lái)征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 這條鐵路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)通車。This door is not to be opened. 此門(mén)不得打開(kāi)。
4. Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another. 民間音樂(lè)是一代一代地流傳下來(lái)的。
pass down\on 流傳: I passed the message on to him as soon as I got it.我一得到這個(gè)消息馬上就傳給他了。Pass this on to the next person after signing it. 簽名之后把這傳給下一位。
5. This was at a time when there was no radio, TV or cinema. 這是廣播、電視或電影出現(xiàn)以前的情形。
at a time 在這兒的意思是“在某個(gè)時(shí)候”, 如：He was very poor at a time. 他那時(shí)非常窮。復(fù)習(xí): We had to see the nurse one at a time.
6. It plays an important part in people's lives especially for work, and at festivals and weddings, when people dance all night long. 它在人們的生活中起著重要的作用……
play a part in 意思是“在……中起作用”，如：Computers play an important part in modern society. 計(jì)算機(jī)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)起著重要的作用。 He plays an important part in the company. 他在公司起著重要的作用。
7. West Indians make musical instruments out of large oil cans. 西印度群島人用大油罐制成樂(lè)器。
make…out of 的意思是“用…制造出”: The workers made bottles out of glass. 工人用玻璃制瓶。These things are made out of paper. 這些東西是紙制的。
8. This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to. 這種音樂(lè)在英國(guó)已經(jīng)很有名氣，是很好的舞蹈音樂(lè)。
dance to隨著……跳舞: The young couple danced to the beautiful music. 那對(duì)年輕人隨著優(yōu)美的音樂(lè)翩翩起舞。 dance with與……跳舞: Can you see the girl dancing with your brother? 你看得見(jiàn)在和你哥哥跳舞的那個(gè)女孩子嗎？
9. It came from work songs sung by black people and had its roots in Africa. 它是從黑人勞動(dòng)時(shí)所唱的歌曲演變而來(lái)的，它起源于非洲。
have roots in起源于…: Black people have their roots in Africa. 黑人起源于非洲。In which area of America did the dance have its roots? 這個(gè)舞蹈起源于美洲的哪個(gè)地區(qū)？
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
1．在婚禮上演奏音樂(lè) 2．對(duì)……熟悉
3．演奏不同的樂(lè)器 4．靠寫(xiě)詞作曲謀生
5．一代一代地流傳下來(lái) 6．和著音樂(lè)跳舞
7．建筑材料 8．歌頌很久以前的英雄
9．一顆疲憊的心 10．在廣場(chǎng)上來(lái)回行進(jìn)
Sentences:
1．明樂(lè)是我最喜歡的那種音樂(lè)。
2．下次早點(diǎn)來(lái)，否則你將會(huì)受到處罰。
3．下一步該怎么辦呢？
4．力爭(zhēng)把這些詞語(yǔ)都記住。
5．那對(duì)新婚夫婦是我我母親的親戚。
6．早期的音樂(lè)演奏家是深受人們歡迎和愛(ài)戴的。
7．我寧愿先喝點(diǎn)湯。