作者：王嵩
在英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)填空題中,有很多是針對(duì)學(xué)生解題的思維定勢(shì)所出的"陷阱"題。出題人往往通過(guò)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的某些變化,來(lái)達(dá)到干擾學(xué)生的思維、使學(xué)生誤入歧途的目的。同學(xué)們要學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別干擾因素,理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),保持清醒頭腦,提高抗干擾能力,從而避開(kāi)"設(shè)題陷阱",提高解題的準(zhǔn)確性。
命題人通常采用下面一些手段,來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題干干擾信息:
一、插入語(yǔ)干擾
1. He believes in himself,_________, in my opinion, is of great importance.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
2. He hasn't come yet. What do you consider_________to him?
A. happens B. has happened C. happening D. to happen
3. John plays football _________, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
4. The manager decided to give the job to_________he believed had a strong sense of duty.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. those
析:這類(lèi)題主要是利用插入語(yǔ),增加句子的復(fù)雜程度,從而達(dá)到干擾學(xué)生視線的目的。我們只要去掉冗余信息(插入語(yǔ)),答案就一目了然了。
二、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)干擾
5. Tom,_________sure to come tomorrow.
A. is B. be C. was D. would be
析:很明顯,Tom在這里并不是句子的主語(yǔ),而是稱呼語(yǔ)。
三、疑問(wèn)句干擾
命題人利用一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu),達(dá)到干擾目的。解題時(shí),只要把句子還原為陳述句,就可以看清它的廬山真面目了。如:
6. Who would you rather_________with you tomorrow, Tom or Smith?
A. have to go B. have go C. have gone D. had go
析:我們可以把它變?yōu)殛愂鼍?I would rather have Tom go with me tomorrow. 原來(lái)是把句子的賓語(yǔ)提前到了句首,go是省去了to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
四、倒裝句干擾
7. On the grass_________two sheep.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. laid
析:這個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)是two sheep而非grass,故選用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
五、從句和先行詞分離干擾
同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句一般情況下是緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時(shí)為了句子平衡的需要,先行詞和從句分開(kāi),從而造成了干擾。如:
8. The question came up at the meeting _________ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
析:后面的句子是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,而它的先行詞是句首的question。
六、省略句干擾
9. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until_________to.
A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
析:這個(gè)句子從句省去了相同的主語(yǔ)she和be動(dòng)詞,可以恢復(fù)為:The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.
10. If you don't go there,_________I.
A. neither do B. nor will C. so do D. neither did
析:此句盡管條件狀語(yǔ)從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),但并不一定表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。從句子意義來(lái)判斷,動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間應(yīng)該在將來(lái),很顯然,它省去了一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
七、被動(dòng)句干擾
11. Every minute is made full use of_________at our lessons.
A. to work B. working C. having worked D. being worked
析:有些同學(xué)一見(jiàn)到介詞,后面馬上用名詞或動(dòng)名詞。這恰恰落入了命題人設(shè)置的陷阱。此題of的賓語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是every minute。如果把它變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)式,答案就顯而易見(jiàn)了。即:We make full use of every minute to work at our lessons.
八、搭配干擾
有時(shí),出題人故意造成是某種固定搭配的假象,似是而非,極易上當(dāng)。
12. This is the very room_________I slept in that evening.
A. that B. which C. where D. at which
析:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)that evening前面不必加介詞in,故這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo),考慮到先行詞被very修飾,故用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。試比較:
This is the very room where I slept in the evening.
13. The country life he was used to_________greatly since the opening policy.
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. having changed
析:he was used to在句中作定語(yǔ)從句,修飾life。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),整個(gè)句子缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故填入主句謂語(yǔ)。
九、定語(yǔ)從句干擾
14. The young student did all that he could_________the examinations.
A. pass B. to pass C. passing D. passed
析:that he could (do) 是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾all。to pass the examinations在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ)。
15. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_________went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
析:這道題考查了兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),一是考查了have sth. done結(jié)構(gòu),二是定語(yǔ)從句。she had had repaired(had的賓語(yǔ)which在定語(yǔ)從句中提前,且省略了)是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the washing machine。此句可譯為:"布朗夫人很失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)她剛剛請(qǐng)人修理好的洗衣機(jī)又出了毛病。"
十、非正常語(yǔ)序干擾
16. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.
A. from B. in C. of D. at
析:為了保持句子平衡,該句采用了非正常語(yǔ)序。該句的正常語(yǔ)序是:The home improvements have taken what little of my spare time there is. 本句意為"改善家庭居住條件占去了我僅有的一點(diǎn)業(yè)余時(shí)間。"there is是定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞短語(yǔ)what little of my spare time。
十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句干擾
17. It is the protection for the trees_________really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that C. / D. which
析:此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)。可還原為:The protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
十二、詞形變化干擾
18. -I like football.
-_________my sister and me.
A. So do B. So are C. So did D. So it is with
析:如不仔細(xì)觀察,學(xué)生很可能選擇A。應(yīng)該要注意這里的me。我們知道so does sb. 句式是一個(gè)倒裝句,即sb. 是句子的主語(yǔ),要求用主格。
十三、多義詞干擾
試比較下列兩個(gè)例句:
19. He is a strange character,_________is very hard to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
20. He has a strange character,_________makes him difficult to get along with.
A. who B. which C. that D. where
析:多義詞character在兩個(gè)例句中有不同的含義。在例1中,character表示"人物",在例2中,character表示"性格"。
參考答案:
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