作者：籍萬(wàn)杰
請(qǐng)看下面一道高考題:
Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
此題答案為A,考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。
近年來(lái)的高考試題對(duì)過(guò)去分詞的用法特別青睞,頻頻對(duì)其進(jìn)行考查。本文擬結(jié)合近幾年的高考試題,就過(guò)去分詞的用法及易考點(diǎn)加以點(diǎn)撥,希望對(duì)剛踏入高三的同學(xué)們有所幫助。
過(guò)去分詞主要起形容詞或副詞的作用,表示"被動(dòng)、完成"的意義,在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等,也可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。選擇分詞時(shí),關(guān)鍵看分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,若是其邏輯主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,選用現(xiàn)在分詞;若是被動(dòng)動(dòng)作,則選用過(guò)去分詞。
一、 考查過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨等。有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前也可加上連詞when, while, if, unless, though等。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子中的主語(yǔ),表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。例如:
1. ________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
2. ________ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
二、 考查過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是所修飾的名詞或代詞,表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如:
3. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
4. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
三、 考查過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),邏輯主語(yǔ)是其前面的賓語(yǔ),表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)或完成的動(dòng)作。例如:
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
四、 考查過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)通常是人,表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或表示主語(yǔ)對(duì)某事的感覺(jué),意思是"(某人)......的";而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其主語(yǔ)通常是物,表示主語(yǔ)的特征,意思是"令人......的"。常用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有: interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspired, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased,等等。例如:
6. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost D. missed
五、考查過(guò)去分詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),如果句子的主語(yǔ)不是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),則會(huì)出現(xiàn)分詞的"懸垂"現(xiàn)象。解決的辦法是在分詞前加上其邏輯主語(yǔ),構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。例如:
7. Hands ________ behind his head, John lay on the sand with his eyes looking straight upward into space.
A. crossing B. were crossed
C. crossed D. had crossed
另外,有些以過(guò)去分詞形式出現(xiàn)的詞,其詞性和意思都已發(fā)生了變化,須引起同學(xué)們的注意。例如:
8. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
"Given"在此處是介詞,意思是"在......的情況下;考慮到"。
答案:1-5 CDBCD 6-8 ACA
你對(duì)第1面的《過(guò)去分詞高考考點(diǎn)透析》一文理解得如何?為了使你加深印象,檢測(cè)一下你的復(fù)習(xí)效果,請(qǐng)做下面選自高考試題的單項(xiàng)填空練習(xí)。為了讓你開動(dòng)腦筋,不盲目猜題,本練習(xí)題中也包括其它非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的習(xí)題。
1. Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself________.
A. understand B. to understand
C. understanding D. understood
2. The workers want us________ together with them.
A. work B. working
C. to work D. worked
3. What's the language________in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
4. ________some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed by
5. Most of the people________ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. inviting
6. He was disappointed to find his suggestions________.
A. been turned down
B. turned down
C. to be turned down
D. to turn down
7. Do you know the boy________ under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
8. -Good morning. Can I help you?
-I'd like to have this package________, madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
9. There was a terrible noise________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
10. ________more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
11. The secretary worked late into the night, ________a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing
C. prepared D. was preparing
12. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
A. to burn B. burn
C. burning D. burned
13. Generally speaking,________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take
14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________the girl and took her away,________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
15. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
16. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
17. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ________.
A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted
18. The________ boy was last seen________ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play
C. missed; played D. missed; to play
19. The patient was warned________ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
20. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
key: 1-5 DCBBA 6-10 BDDBA 11-15 BCBDB 16-20 CBACD