作者：李國勤
定語從句是英語句法的重要內容之一,所以該語法項目是整個高中階段,同時也是高考的重要考點之一。本文給大家介紹一下定語從句單項填空題的解題方法。
一、 依據先行詞所表達的內容和引導詞在定語從句中所擔當的句子成分來確定選項。
例1. I always remember the days ________ I was taken good care of in the hospital.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
分析:句子意思是:我永遠都記著我在醫院里受到很好照料的那些日子。先行詞the days是表示時間的。限制性定語從句可以用來修飾一個表示時間的先行詞,如果關聯詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,通常用關系副詞when引導定語從句。
例2. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
分析:句子意思是:在巴黎住了50 年之后他又回到了他小時候長大的小鎮。因為先行詞the small town表示地點,關聯詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以應當選B。
二、 注意句子中逗號的語法作用。
例1. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
分析:句子意思是:眾所周知,月球每個月繞地球轉一圈。句子中逗號說明這里是一個非限制性定語從句。能夠引導非限制性定語從句、代表整個主句內容且能夠放在句首的關聯詞只有as,所以應當選B。
例2. She washed clothes this morning, ________ hadn't been washed for a week.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
分析:句子中逗號說明這里是一個非限制性定語從句。四個選項中能夠引導非限制性定語從句的只有D。
三、 認定該題所考查的內容,觀察所給的選項,依據語法規則選出最佳答案。
例: The doctor ________ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
分析:句子意思是:正和護士談話的那位醫生下個月要去非洲。觀察所給的四個選項,可以看出它們都是完整的句子。根據本題所考查的內容,最佳答案應當是修飾先行詞The doctor的限制性定語從句。依據定語從句的語法規則,首先排除A, 因為him是多余的; whom the nurse is talking和 who the nurse is talking兩個選項中都缺少"to",所以也被排除掉。只有C (whom / who被省略了) the nurse is talking to是唯一正確的答案。
四、 依據先行詞來選擇"介詞+關系代詞"的結構。
例1. Is this the factory ________ your father once worked?
A. at where B. which
C. in which D. that
分析:句子意思是:這就是你父親工作過的工廠嗎?先行詞the factory在限制性定語從句中作地點狀語, 所以應當選C, in which相當于where。
例2. Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English study, Mr. Lee is the person ________ I turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
分析:在限制性定語從句中,謂語動詞"turn to"是固定的短語動詞。這個句子也可以寫成: Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English Study, Mr Lee is the person(who / whom) I turn to for help. 所以應當選D。
五、注意先行詞的特殊性和關系代詞的選擇。
例1. All ________ I need is an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
分析:句子意思是:我所需要的就是一本《英漢詞典》。先行詞為all或先行詞被all等詞修飾時,限制性定語從句通常用關系代詞that引導,所以本題應當選B。又如:
There is not much that can be done now. 現在沒有太多的事情可做。
I've read all the books that were borrowed from the library. 我把從圖書館借的書都看完了。
That white flower is the only one that I really like. 那朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的花。
例2. This is the first composition ________ I've written in English.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
分析:句子意思是:這是我用英文寫的第一篇作文。先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,限制性定語從句通常用關系代詞that引導,所以本題應當選A。又如:
This is the best novel (that) I've ever read. 這是我讀過的最好小說。