Ⅳ 主謂一致
1． 主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)單、復(fù)數(shù)形式及人稱(chēng)變化相一致。主要包括三方面：形式一致、意義一致、就近原則。
2． 單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)或整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。
Time is money . / My book is new . / Our books are there . / His family isn't very large . / His family are all music lovers .
3． 有些名詞以"s"結(jié)尾，但謂用單數(shù)。（news, physics, maths, politics等） Maths is very important to us .
4． People, police, youth, cattle等常作復(fù)數(shù)處理。 The youth are full of living .
5． 既作單數(shù)又是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，可作單、復(fù)數(shù)。（sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese…）
There is one deer / are some deer in the zoo. / I met a Japanese in the street . / The Japanese I met in the street were friendly .
6． 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)名詞由and 連接時(shí)，若表示一種事物或一種概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
The teacher and writer is coming（同一個(gè)人） . / The teacher and the writer are coming .(不同人)
7． 有every 或each 修飾的單數(shù)名詞并列時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，第二個(gè)every或each 可省略。Every boy and (every)girl has a new book.
8． 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)或數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，一般視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。A hundred miles is a long distance .
9． 有些形容詞前加定冠詞構(gòu)成表示一類(lèi)人的名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)處理。The rich are getting richer. / The blind are sitting on the road .
10． Number, population 等詞可作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)，主要從意思決定。A number of books are new. / The number of books is 3,000.
The population of China is very large . / One third of the population here are workers.
11． 當(dāng)名詞后有with, together, like, but, except等介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)隨名詞的數(shù)而變。 Tom with his parents has been to Beijing twice .
12． Each和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Each of us has an apple. / Somebody is using the photo.
13． What, who, which, any, more, most, all等代詞可以是單、復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思決定。Which is your room ? / Which are your rooms ?
14． "None 或none of+名詞（代詞）復(fù)數(shù)"可作單、復(fù)數(shù)，若名詞為不可數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)只用單數(shù)。
None of the books are easy enough for us . / None of us has got a camera. / None of milk is good.
15．"Either, neither (+of +名（代）詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常看作單數(shù)。Neither of us has been to HongKong . / Either answer is wrong .
16．"many a +單數(shù)名詞"或"more than one +單數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)多用單數(shù)形式。More than one person has that kind of experience.
17．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 All of meat is bad .
18．All/most/half/part/some/the rest of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。 Some of students are absent .
19．"one of +名（代）詞復(fù)數(shù)"為主時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)。One of the girls is from America .
20．"a pair of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)，若pair是pairs時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
21．"（a）part of +名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若名詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
22．"a group of +名詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)group 中的各成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
23．"a lot of /lots of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
24．"most of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
25．"plenty of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；若名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
27．由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, or或there be + 名詞＋and + 名詞等連接的主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式依最接近它的名詞詞組的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
My parents or I am going to visit my grandparents .
Either your father or your mother has been to the Great Wall .
Neither you nor Lao Yang is to do the work .
There is a man and three children over there .
Not only you but also he knows that thing .
28．動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞－ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作單數(shù)處理。
To see you is very glad . = It is very glad to see you .
Taking means no holes .
Seeing is believing .
Finishing the work takes me a long time . = To finish the work takes me a long time . = It takes me a long time to finish the work .